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The achievements of various States in the spheres of female literacy and other social development facets show that social development indicators like life expectancy and infant mortality are closely linked to the level of female literacy-the higher the female literacy rate, the lower is the infant mortality rate and the higher the life expectancy; conversely, the lower the female literacy rate, the higher is the infant mortality rate and the lower the life expectancy. The data show also that States which had achieved a high level of social development had a lesser gender disparity in the spheres of education and health, while conversely, States which had a low social development profile had greater gender disparity. Kerala, with a moderate income level, has done remarkably well in the area of social development in contrast to Punjab, which, in spite of being an economically better off State, has a far from satisfactory showing in the social sectors.

Women education plays a very important role in the overall growth of the country. It does not only help in the development of half of the human capital but also improves the standard of living. The progress of the nation or region is shown by the level of education and literacy of its population. Education, particularly among women has been considered as one of the major aspects for socio-economic development of the people of a region. Belagavi district is among the rapidly developing districts in Karnataka with respect to socio-economic and agricultural development. According to 2011 census, average literacy rate of Belagavi district (73.48%) is lower than the average literacy rate of Karnataka state (75.60%).(Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India, 2011) This can be attributed to greater regional disparities throughout Belagavi district in literacy. In this paper, we present Provisional Population Totals of census 2001 and 2011 and examine the extent of literacy disparities at the taluk level. Here, we found that literacy rate in the study area was 64.21 % in 2001 which has increased to 73.48% in 2011. We also found that the urban literacy (85.56%) is significantly greater than the rural literacy (69.28%) which is concurrent to the wider gender disparities from the rural to the urban population.

A strong relationship exists between a woman's literacy and her use of reproductive and maternal health services. Literacy is directly related to the status of a woman, her age at marriage, her decision power and to mention especially, capability to access health care services. Literacy not only increases women's self-confidence but also makes them more exposed to information and thereby altering the way others respond to them. Female literacy improves the chances that women will obtain meaningful employment, reduces their demand for children and improves health-seeking behaviour, makes them aware of nutritional requirements-all these combined improve the chances of survival of both-the mother and the baby. The present paper focuses on the relationship between the female literacy and mortality rates (IMR and MMR) and establishes an inverse relationship between them. The study also finds a positive correlation between infant mortality and maternal mortality

Female literacy has become a crucial issue to fight against infant mortality and maternal mortality in any civilized country for an overall socio-economic development. To ensure a sustainable socio-economic development in India, more initiatives should be taken to eradicate female illiteracy by providing all sorts of educational help to Indian women. This study is conducted to evaluate the state wise rate of female literacy, infant mortality and maternal mortality in India. Another objective of this study is to explore the correlation between female literacy and infant mortality as well as between female literacy and maternal mortality in India. Taking the Census data of Government of India, the analyses have been conducted to reveal how far the different states of India have accomplished satisfactory level of female literacy to minimize both infant and maternal mortality.

Abstract
Apart from literacy rates and reading and writing acquisition, the actual writing practices of the past, which include the phenomenon of delegated writing, belong to a history of literacy. Delegated writing occurred when illiterate or partly literate individuals wanted to keep in contact with relatives at a distance and had to rely on the assistance of professional or social scribes. The details of this process and the role played by the sender of a letter and its actual, usually unknown, scribe often remain unclear, although different scenarios may be assumed. Cultural historian Lyons explored scenarios for delegated writing in France, Italy and Spain in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, focusing on the writing of ordinary people during the First World War and in the age of mass migration. For the Dutch language area, we have the opportunity to delve further back in time by exploring the late-seventeenth-century part of the Letters as Loot (LAL) corpus. This corpus previously allowed us to establish linguistic differences between autographs and non-autographs. For a detailed view of the delegated writing process, however, the LAL corpus also provides us with instances of two types of letters written by the same, identified, female scribes: their own letters and the letters they wrote for others. A comparative analysis of these different letters will be shown to contribute to opening the black box of Early Modern delegated writing.

The recent female literacy and fertility levels in Kerala state are examined using the 2011 census data. Arriaga's approach for estimation of age-specific fertility rates is undertaken to show the particularities of Kerala state and the best practices which made this state an example for other states in India as well as other places in the world, particularly developing countries. Women's empowerment gets as much credit as physical facilities and family planning programs; this empowerment level of women is also related to their level of education.

Background. The gross longitudinal relationship between female literacy and maternal mortality ratios has not been adequately investigated even though the knowledge of the relationship is crucial for designing maternal mortality reduction programs through female literacy campaigns and improvements. The objective of the study was to examine the dynamic relationship between female literacy and mortality ratios. A longitudinal study design spanning three decades, 1970–2000, was used. Country level data on 143 nations belonging to six geographical regions for the duration 1970–2000 were secured from websites hosted by global agencies such as World Bank and the United Nations were utilized. Maternal mortality ratios (1970–2000) ranged from 147 to 271 across the six regions. The longitudinal relationship between female literacy rates and maternal mortality ratios was examined using a latent growth curve approach. The study found that rates of change in female literacy and maternal mortality ratios are negatively related. Steady rates of increase in female literacy were associated with declining maternal mortality ratios as well. We find that female literacy programs are of immense value in reducing maternal mortality ratios given their ability to yield sustained reductions in mortality levels in developing countries.